Toro Network 8000

There are many computers on campus and some are tied to much larger items.  This happens to be one of those computers.  Above you see the computer that runs the entire irrigation system for CU Boulder.  With this computer I'm able to initiate, control, adjust or stop irrigation operations on campus.  Just like a home irrigation controller, everything comes back to one singular control point.  This post could be very long if I was to cover all the options that are possible with this system so I will focus on three things.

The first portion being the Control System for the Site Pro program.

I apologize for the large size on the above picture but it needed to be bigger so you would be able to see the items.  What you see is the control system for one of our 68 irrigation controllers.  Within this page resides all crucial data for every station within that controller including location, amount of heads, station flow and most importantly, station percentage adjustment.  The ability to adjust every single station by itself is one of the greatest benefits to having a central control system.  In the third column from the left you will see the header labeled %Adj.  This column represents adjustments that have been made to the individual station.  The adjustments are crucial especially with the amount of microclimates on campus.  Within one area we can have south facing sloped landscape and then on the north side of a building we could have flat grade and no sunshine.  This makes proper irrigation extremely challenging without the ability to adjust individual stations.  An example of the adjustment would be, I chose to irrigate .25" of water on a given night, but a location may need more water to compensate for a south facing exposure.  So that station may be adjusted to 125%.  This represents 125% of .25" of water.  The opposite is true as well, where I may have an area that is very shady and low lying so it only need 75% of .25" to satisfy the plants needs.  It honestly can take years to properly adjust the system so that when I irrigate a certain amount everything gets what it truly needs and we are not over watering/underwatering.  I'm in my tenth year of adjustments and for the majority of campus we have a good handle on all the microclimates, but each year with new construction and landscape growth I find that adjustments are still routinely done.

What you see above is a small portion of what is called the Hydraulic Tree.  Unlike the control system this section of the Network is not adjusted unless a new irrigation system is added to the database.  Inside this section you have every single pressurized irrigation mainline on the entire campus.  For a station to run on campus it must be "attached" to a "pipe" in this section.  Each "pipe" has a max flow.  The maximum water an area can deliver is set based on the Pump Sation feeding that area.  So in this case we have the Varsity Pump station which delivers 750gpm at max flow.  Each night before programs are loaded to the clocks Site Pro runs a projected flow graph.  This is a way for the computer to determine which zones run and for how long on each pipe.  The most crucial portion of this data is the flow management.  If the incorrect data has been input then we can have problems ranging from low station pressure all the way to breaking mainlines.  Needless to say we pay very close attention when we are in this area to make sure everything is done right.

The final section I will discuss is our Weather Station

Currently we have our own weather station which we use to monitor many things.  As you can see above we can monitor every important piece of information that a Turf Manager needs to help make decisions about the need/amount of irrigation for a given night.  This station gives us an important piece of information called the ET factor.  Also known as evapotranspiration, this is the amount of moisture returned to the atmosphere during a given time from the soil and plant transpiration.  This is a rough representation of the replenishment a given location may need during the next irrigation cycle.  But this is not the only information a Turf Manager uses to determine the amount to put down in a given cycle.  Root development, cultural practices, plant species, soil type, events, traffic, as well as the inherent knowledge of your landscape are all factors to help determine a specific amount of water to put down.  I have been asked in the past if the ET factor says .25 why don't you just put that down and call it good.  The factors given above help to illustrate that the ET factor is just a piece of the decision making puzzle.

The other benefit of the weather station is that I'm able to set alarm parameters which help to prevent the wasting of water.  Currently I have limits for strength of wind and also for amount of rain.  An example is if I have an irrigation cycle scheduled and a surprise rain storm pops up either late in the evening or during the night and we recieve .10" of rain during a set amount of time, the computer will shut down the irrigation cycle for the rest of the night.  This also is true for wind; it will cancel the rest of the irrigation cycle. The reasons for the shutdown is obvious, but having the ability to protect our water resource is just as important.

As you can see from these few items, we take irrigation practices pretty seriously here at CU.

Ryan

Fall Storms Wreak Havoc on Campus Trees

Once again, the Boulder Valley was visited by an autumn snow storm massively damaging trees throughout our campus.  Many of our trees were still very much in leaf causing them to catch enormous amounts of the ice and snow as it fell early in the mornings of October 26th and November 2nd.  The damage to campus trees was among the worst of the last several decades affecting, in some way, nearly every tree on campus.
This event tested our work unit in a variety of way.  It also presented us another opportunity to work with our colleagues in Housing Services, Athletics and CUPD, as well as the City of Boulder. 

Our immediate concerns and actions were aimed at identifying and mitigating the dozens of hazardous situations created by the snow loaded limbs which were failing and shedding off of trees all over the university grounds.  The storm was indiscriminate, harming trees of all species, size, age and condition.

The entire Outdoor Services team, as well as many members of other Facilities Management shops, helped by responding to emergency issues as they surfaced throughout campus.  Staff began pulling down damaged hanging limbs that they could reach and taping off areas where limbs were dangling high above sidewalks and building entries.  We reacted to the largest and most dangerous situations with our Versalift truck as soon as the terrain was passable, pulling down large limbs that were snagged up in the canopies of the higher trees.  We will be going back to all of these sites to conduct canopy inspections and make clean-up and finish cuts.  That work will take months to complete.

Once the weather had let up enough for us to access most areas with our lift truck, we divided the entire Outdoor Services team into units to begin the clean-up process.  The crew of Arborists assembled a ground support team and continued to remove high hazards.  The rest of OS created teams to buck up the larger branches on the ground, load and transport this material, and operate mobile stations to chip the wood and brush into roll-off dumpsters.  We also assisted the Housing Department Grounds staff with their clean-up and chipping.  All of this material was taken off campus and ran through tub grinders to be utilized as mulch material.  The OS crews did an outstanding and efficient job of handling the huge amount of material they faced.   We were very happy to have completed this difficult and dangerous task without any known injury to any of our staff or to the public.

A small number of trees were damaged severely enough to warrant immediate removal.   Many more were damaged to an extent that will require us to assess, over the coming months, if we can retain them and nurse them back to health or conclude to remove them.

Thanks to Ryan Heiland for the photos.

-Vince Aquino

The Good and The Bad

In recent weeks the leaves have begun to fall which poses a couple challenges, both good and bad.  Leaves alone are a great source of organic material for the soil profile so we work very hard to make sure that we capture as many of the leaves as we can and mulch them back into the turf areas on campus.  Mother Nature puts a lot of nutrients into the trees and shrubs, so to pick-up the leaves and remove them from the system is not a good management practice.  (In a later post I will describe our methods of mulching such a large amount of leaves.)  Also, if not done properly and in a timely way leaves can also be a bad thing.


Along with it being a good practice to keep the leaves as a source of nutrients for the soil, and microbial life care must be taken so that the leaves don’t sit too long without being mulched.  Recently we had one of, if not the most, damaging snow storms in CU's history related to landscape tree and shrub damage.  The reason this happened is because with such a large and early storm, the majority of the trees on campus still had their full canopies to hold onto the snow.  Being so early in the fall, the turf had not hardened off for the winter yet either.  We spent two solid weeks with our entire staff working non-stop to try and make the campus safe from falling tree branches.  Just prior to the storm the leaves were starting to fall, and the heavy snow brought down not only large amounts of trees, but also defoliated the majority of the leaves, leaving extremely thick layers of debris on the still lush turf.  Once we started to get a handle on the safety aspect of campus and began to make progress on the clean-up, I started to take a look at the turfgrass under these thick leaves.

As you can see in the above picture the turf has a yellow look to it; this is called chlorosis.  It is evident when the plant is unable to make and sustain chlorophyll due to a lack of sunlight.  Since the plant is still in a stage of growing, it is still in need of nutrients and with the thick coating of leaves, was unable to produce the amount of chlorophyll needed.  This situation, if left unchecked, will cause loss of plants.  Depending on how dense the cover it can kill off an entire area and when the spring comes around the turf is all dead in that location.  The other scenario you can be faced with in this situation is lack of oxygen and abundance of moisture which can cause turf disease, again resulting in loss of plant material.  So obviously we had to make some adjustments to our manpower and clean-up operation.  Once the campus was in a safe condition we pulled a few staff member to start the process of leaf mulching.

If you were to see this in person the turf will almost have a look of being rotten.  Like any other landscape, debris in the early stage of decomposition is very limp, very damp, and over all just not healthy.  Luckily this situation though is very treatable just by simply blowing the leaves off and allowing the affected area to get some sun and air.  The condition will not be sustained and everything will return to normal.

You can see in the above picture that the leaf blades are yellow and in some cases brown.  The blades that are more of the brown color are the plants that are further along in the process and are starting to die off.  Some of those individual plants may or may not come back around.  I believe that we caught the situation early enough and made corrections so that we will not have any noticeable damage from this event.

So again, leaves are great for your home lawns and gardens but you need to follow the classic idea that there is such a thing as "to much of a good thing."  :-)

Ryan

Top dressing Kittridge Synthetic fields

As most of you know, the university has three synthetic sports fields along the east edge of campus.  These fields were put in about five years ago and have been a tremendous benefit to the CU Rec Center and the sport teams that use them.  Even though it is a synthetic field, it still needs maintenance due to wear and tear.  There is normal light maintenance done every year which consists of dragging the fields to help prevent matting and maintain an even playing field.  But depending on play, there are more significant maintenance tasks that must be completed like replacement of goal mouth areas and a top dressing of new rubber infill.  This year was the summer for that work and the Rec Center funded the replacement of synthetic turf in the goal mouths of the competition field and a top dress of rubber.



As you see in this short video above, we are using our large top dresser and applying crumb rubber just like a normal top dress of sand on a regular field.  The rubber is made of 100% recycled tires which is ground into a very fine granule, a little smaller than a grain of rice.  The amount put down was roughly 1/8" thick and was dragged to help work it into the synthetic turf blades.

During this project we used 12 tons of crumb rubber which was delivered in these large bag's called "totes."  This is a great way to use large amount of product because you cut down on packaging and the loading of it takes only seconds.  The video shows the loading of one of the bags into our top dresser.  This project went very smooth and the field needed it badly.  So now with the work we’ve done, we should be back to normal maintenance for years to come.

With constant talk of which field is better, synthetic or real, there are many points for each.  But the biggest benefit to synthetic is and always will be, the low level of maintenance compared to a real turf field.  It sure is nice to have 3 fields that barely need any attention and stay very safe and playable under all conditions.

Ryan



Parking on Lawns

For most large organizations parking can sometimes be limited because land is hard to come by in a large city environment.  Even though the university has some very large events, the frequency of such does not warrant the amount of dedicated parking spots to handle the large events.  So to deal with these few events which require large amounts of parking, the decision is made to use some of the open lawn area.  One of those very large events is student move-in.  This year there were roughly five-thousand freshmen moving into campus and, unlike regular events where alternative transportation is recommended, it is a little difficult to use that method to move someone’s home.

When we determine parking is going to be allowed on the landscape there are actions that will be taken to help protect the campus property.  One method is to actually place turf mats on top of the irrigation valve boxes so that the weight of the vehicles does not break the irrigation mainline.  Other steps that I use entail roping off areas to prevent vehicles from parking under the drip lines of our trees and shutting down irrigation applications.  This is done to firm up the landscape to protect the grades and prevent "rutting" from heavy vehicles.

Parking on landscape is pretty difficult no matter what steps you take but what you see above is a result of the use of the protection matts. Unfortunately the mats are black and with the high temperatures we had paired with relatively little cloud cover, the mats became extremely hot.  There is a pretty good chance this turf will actually come back since we only had these locations covered for about eight hours and then water was applied.

What you are actually seeing is a result of temperatures under these mats getting so high that the leaf cells actually burst.  A leaf blade is made of many individual cells, each having their own cell walls. These cells basically burst from the extreme heat, with the ruptured cell walls releasing all the chlorophyll and moisture in the leaf, creating this very burned out look to the plant.  In time with proper irrigation the plant will start to push new leaf growth and eventually what you see will be mowed off and fade away.  We were pretty lucky that the mats were not down for too much longer or the crown of the plant could have been damaged, resulting in turf loss.

Ryan